“重农抑商”是明初时的基本国策,相应法令的贯彻使商贾陷入了举步维艰的困境。此时外出经商须由官府批准,领取载明货物种类、数量以及道里远近的商引,无引经商或经营与商引所载不符,被查获后必遭黥窜化外甚至处死等严惩。办理商引的规定是每引付银一钱,但遭敲诈的商人常得付出几十倍的代价,经商途中各地官吏的刁难盘剥也使他 “Restraint Agriculture” is the basic national policy of the early Ming, the implementation of the corresponding laws and regulations so that merchants into a difficult dilemma. At this time, business going out must be approved by the government and receive quotations indicating the types and quantities of goods, the distance between them, the discrepancies set out in the quotations or business quotations and commercial quotations, and the fugitives will be severely punished if executed. The quotation stipulated in the quotation of the trade quota is that every quotation of silver and money, but extortion businessmen often have to pay tens of times the cost of doing business all over the local officials also made him difficult to exploit