变应性鼻炎综合征包括喷嚏、鼻堵、水样鼻分泌物和眼结膜痒感,还可伴发支气管哮喘。本文主要讨论气传变应原和IgE抗体介导的反应。【变应原暴露】颗粒性变应原,如花粉每粒重约10～100μg,这样大小的颗粒可避过鼻毛进入鼻腔,落在鼻粘膜纤毛上皮表面,其中水溶性蛋白质很易在鼻腔粘液中浸出,并在鼻粘膜局部发生致敏作用,此种粘膜反应在敏感的病人中甚为迅速,吸入花粉后30～60秒后即出现喷嚏,擤出的鼻分泌物中可见嗜碱细胞,鼻粘膜刮片中可见肥大细胞,自上皮细胞和分泌细胞中早期释放的介质能使鼻粘膜通透性增加,有利于变应原穿入鼻粘膜。 Dolovich等证实在12名变应性个体变应原鼻腔激发后有7名鼻分泌物中出现激肽样活性;冈崎等收集12例有症状的花粉症患者鼻分泌物,其中6例发现有前列腺素E;Eggleston等在鼻腔冲洗液中发现组胺,但其量在无症状的变应性个体和非变应性个体中无区 Allergic rhinitis syndrome, including sneezing, nasal congestion, watery nasal secretions and conjunctival itching, but also with bronchial asthma. This article focuses on airborne allergen and IgE antibody-mediated responses. 【Allergen Exposure】 Granular allergens, such as pollen, each weighing about 10 ~ 100μg, so the size of the particles can avoid nasal hair into the nasal cavity, falling on the surface of the nasal mucociliary epithelium, water-soluble protein which is very easy in the nasal mucus In the leaching and nasal mucosa local sensitization occurs, this mucosal response is very rapid in sensitive patients, inhalation of pollen 30 to 60 seconds after the sneeze, out of the nasal discharge can be found in basophils, Nasal mucosal smear mast cells can be seen from the epithelial cells and secretory cells in the early release of media can make nasal permeability increased, is conducive to the allergen penetrate the nasal mucosa. Dolovich et al. Confirmed the presence of kinin-like activity in seven nasal secretions of 12 allergic individuals after nasal challenge; Okazaki et al. Collected nasal secretions from 12 symptomatic hay fever patients, including 6 Prostaglandin E; Eggleston et al. Found histamine in nasal irrigation but its volume was asymptomatic in non-allergic individuals and in non-allergic individuals