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疟原虫钻入红细胞受特异性严格限制,在受体学说的启发下,人们自然会想到裂殖子钻入红细胞是否由受体介导的这样一个问题。经过十几年的研究,特别是近几年在生物化学和免疫学等新技术的帮助下,人们巳获得了大量的证据,充分证实了裂殖子钻入红细胞是在受体介导下完成的。研究较多的是恶性疟和间日疟受体。目前一般认为红细胞表面的血型糖蛋白就是恶性疟裂殖子的受体,其中最重要的是血型糖蛋白A(GP-0),但血型糖蛋白B和C也参与钻入过程。GP-A受体的活性中心是目前研究的一个热点,最新的资料表明T_1和T_(?)及N-Z酰葡萄糖均可能参与受体活性中心的组成,而唾液酸并不是活性中心的必要成分。间日疟的受体是Duffy血型抗原,由于对Duffy血型抗原分子结构和组成的研究较少,所以对之了解不多。近些年来关于钻入机制的突破性进展是分离提纯了裂殖子表面的配体。这一成果更进一步证实钻入过程是通过受体与配体间相互作用而完成的。所以受体学说也适用于解释裂殖子钻入红细胞这一复杂过程。综合现有资料来看,参与钻入过程的受体和配体均不止一种,它们可能代表钻入过程中多步反应的不同成分。鼠疟裂殖子钻入红细胞的过程与人的很相似,可以做为研究体内钻入机制的模型,此无疑将推动钻入机制的研究。
Plasmodium into the erythrocytes by the specificity of the strict restrictions, inspired by the receptor theory, people will naturally think of merozoites into the erythrocytes receptor mediated such a problem. After more than ten years of research, especially in recent years with the help of new technologies such as biochemistry and immunology, a great deal of evidence has been obtained, which fully confirms that the penetration of merozoites into erythrocytes is completed under receptor-mediated of. More studied are falciparum malaria and Plasmodium vivax. It is generally accepted that the glycophorin on the surface of erythrocytes is the receptor of falciparum malaria. The most important one is glycophorin A (GP-0), but glycophorin B and C are also involved in the drilling process. The active center of GP-A receptor is a hot research topic at present. The latest data show that T_1 and T_ (?) And N-acetylglucosamine may participate in the active center of the receptor, while sialic acid is not an essential component of the active site. The receptor for Plasmodium vivax is Duffy blood group antigen, and little is known about the molecular structure and composition of Duffy blood group antigen. In recent years, a breakthrough on the drilling mechanism is the separation and purification of merozoite ligands. This result further confirms that the drilling process is through the interaction between the receptor and the ligand. So the receptor theory is also suitable for explaining the complex process of merozoite drilling into red blood cells. Based on the available information, there are more than one acceptor and ligand involved in the drilling process, and they may represent different components of a multi-step reaction during drilling. Murine merozoite merozoites into the process of red blood cells and human very similar, can be used as a study of drilling in vivo model, which will undoubtedly promote the study of drilling mechanism.