The molecular mechanisms for NF-κB signaling transduction and transcription have been the most attractivesubjects for both basic research and pharmaceutical industries due to its important roles in both physiologicaland pathogenesis,particularly the close association of dysregulated NF-κB with tumorgenesis andinflammation.Several novel intracellular molecular events that regulate NF-κB activity have been describedrecently,including the discovery of an alternative signaling pathway that appears inducing a specific subsetgenes involved in adoptive immune response.Multi-level and multi-dimensional regulation of NF-κB activity byphosphorylation and acetylation modifications have unveiled and became the hottest targets for potentiallytissue specific molecular interventions.Another emerging mechanism for NF-κB-responsive gene’s regulationwhere NF-κB participates the transcriptional regulation independent of its cognate regulatory binding sitewithin the target gene’s promoter but facilitating the transaction activity of other involved transcription factors,that implicated an novel transcriptional activities for NF-κB.Thus,the current review will focus on these recentprogresses that have been made on NF-κB signaling transduction and transcription.Cellular & MolecularImmunology.2004;1(6):425-435. The molecular mechanisms for NF-κB signaling transduction and transcription have been the most attractivesubjects for both basic research and pharmaceutical industries due to its important roles in both physiologicaland pathogenesis, particularly the close association of dysregulated NF-κB with tumorgenesis and inflammation. events that regulate NF-κB activity have been previously described, including the discovery of an alternative signaling pathway that appears inducing a specific subset genes involved in adoptive immune response. Multi-level and multi-dimensional regulation of NF-κB activity by phosphorylation and acetylation modifications have unveiled and became the hottest targets for potentially specific gastritis interventions. Another Emerging Mechanism for NF-κB-responsive gene’s regulationwhere NF-κB participates the transcriptional regulation independent of its cognate regulatory binding site with the target gene’s promoter but facili tating the transaction activity of other involved transcription factors, that implicated an novel transcriptional activities for NF-κB.Thus, the current review will focus on these recent protogresses that have been made on NF-κB signaling transduction and transcription. Cellular & Molecular Immunology. 2004; 1 (6): 425-435.