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慈善动机关系到慈善的行为模式和效率,是现代慈善事业发展的基础。从内在动机来看,在经历了长期的利他与利己争论之后,西方富人慈善更多地被看作是通过个人财富表达对公共事务理解的方式,并由此确立了慈善的多元化发展原则和有效慈善模式的标准;之后学术界的关注点逐渐由内在动机转向外在动机,寻找影响动机的外在因素并建构定量化的动机模型,以更好地理解富人慈善的行为方式。受具体社会环境的影响,中西方富人从事慈善活动的动机不尽相同,但西方学者对动机的态度及影响因素的探索仍然有可借鉴之处。比较中西方富人慈善动机的差异,对探寻适合本土社会文化背景的慈善模式和慈善体制具有重要意义。
Charity motivation is related to the philanthropic behavior patterns and efficiency, which is the basis for the development of modern philanthropy. From the perspective of intrinsic motivation, after experiencing a long-term controversy over altruism and self-interest, the charity of the western rich is more seen as a way of expressing public affairs through personal wealth and thus establishing the principle of pluralistic development of charity And the standard of effective philanthropic model. After that, the academic concern gradually shifted from intrinsic motivation to external motivation, looking for external factors that affect motivation and constructing quantitative motivation model to better understand the philanthropic behavior of the rich. Motivated by the specific social environment, rich and poor people in China engage in charitable activities with different motives. However, Western scholars’ motives and influencing factors can still be explored. Comparing the differences of philanthropic motives between rich and poor in China and western countries is of great significance in exploring philanthropy models and philanthropic systems suitable for local social and cultural backgrounds.