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目的分析浙江省金华市1991-2015年疟疾流行特征,为消除疟疾后监测提供参考。方法收集金华市1991-2015年间疟疾疫情资料和个案调查表等,用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计学分析。结果自2010年启动消除疟疾行动计划后,2010-2015年全市累计报告疟疾病例231例,年均发病率为0.77/10万,低于启动前0.91/10万的年均发病率(χ~2=5.04,P=0.02)。231例病例中,间日疟44例,占19.05%;恶性疟173例,占74.89%;输入性病例230例,占99.57%,高于启动前88.48%的占比(χ~2=26.82,P<0.001);平均年龄为(37±10.71)岁,男女性别比为9.5∶1;全年每月均有病例报告,无明显季节性;义乌市报告病例数最多,为147例(占63.64%);职业分布以商业服务人员最多,占54.55%;本市人口境外感染占73.59%,位居前3位的感染地依次为安哥拉(占16.96%)、加纳(占10.87%)和尼日利亚(占9.13%),位居前2位的感染原因为外出经商(占56.09%)和外出旅游(占36.96%)。结论 2011-2015年,金华市疟疾病例均为输入性病例,应加强输入性疟疾的监测和防控。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province from 1991 to 2015 and provide reference for post-malaria monitoring. Methods The malaria epidemic data and case questionnaires in Jinhua City during 1991-2015 were collected and analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results Since the malaria elimination program was launched in 2010, a total of 231 cases of malaria were reported in the city from 2010 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 0.77 / lakh, lower than the annual average incidence of 0.91 / lakh before initiation (χ ~ 2 = 5.04, P = 0.02). Of the 231 cases, 44 cases were Plasmodium vivax, accounting for 19.05%; 173 cases were Plasmodium falciparum, accounting for 74.89%; 230 cases were imported, accounting for 99.57%, higher than 88.48% (χ ~ 2 = 26.82, P <0.001). The average age was (37 ± 10.71) years old, with a sex ratio of 9.5: 1. There were monthly reports of cases every month without obvious seasonal changes. The most reported cases in Yiwu City were 147 cases (63.64% %). Occupational distribution occupies 54.55% of the total number of commercial service personnel; 73.59% of the city’s population have external infections, followed by Angola (16.96%), Ghana (10.87%) and Nigeria Accounting for 9.13%). The top two causes of infection were going out for business (56.09%) and traveling (36.96%). Conclusion From 2011 to 2015, malaria cases in Jinhua City were all imported cases. The monitoring and control of imported malaria should be strengthened.