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一、 引言 我国国民经济总产值到本世纪末要翻两番,而能源只能翻一番。这是个非常尖锐的矛盾。解决这一矛盾的出路除开发利用新能源外,主要靠节约能源。通过节能的途径来解决我国四化建设中能源不足的矛盾,这不仅是可能,也是现实的。因为我国能源利用率非常低,只有发达国家的一半左右。就锅炉耗能来说,目前我国约有20多万台锅炉,能耗占全国能耗的1/3,其中采暖的能耗又占一半以上。1982年国务院在关于第四号节能指令中指出:“把蒸汽取暖改为热水取暖。今后新建取暖系统要采用热水取暖。
I. INTRODUCTION The total output value of China’s national economy will have to quadruple by the end of this century, but energy will only double. This is a very sharp contradiction. The solution to this contradiction is to save energy, in addition to developing and using new energy. It is not only possible but also realistic to solve the contradiction of energy shortage in China’s four-nation construction through energy-saving approaches. Because China’s energy efficiency is very low, only about half of the developed countries. As far as boiler energy consumption is concerned, there are currently more than 200,000 boilers in China, and energy consumption accounts for 1/3 of the national energy consumption, of which heating energy consumption accounts for more than half. In 1982, the State Council pointed out in the fourth energy-saving instruction: “The heating of steam is changed to the heating of hot water. In the future, the newly-built heating system should use hot water for heating.