似乎弗洛伊德的“实在论”和我在前面几章谈到过的实在论有着重大区别。我坚持认为,实在论包含这样一个观点:意识是对客观物质实在的反映。相比之下,弗洛伊德揭示的反映在梦中和神经症症状里的“实在”仅仅是一种“精神实在”,即一种关于欲望、情感和思想的主观实在。弗洛伊德把它与物质实在明显区别开来。他说道:“幻 It seems that there is a big difference between Freud’s “realism” and the realism I’ve talked about in the last few chapters. I insist that realism contains the notion that consciousness is a reflection of the reality of objective material. In contrast, the “reality” revealed by Freud in the symptoms of dreams and neurosis is merely a “spiritual reality,” a subjective reality of desire, emotion, and thought. Freud distinguishes it from material reality. He said: "Magic