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目的:了解北京老年群体中社会经济状况对人群预期寿命和健康预期寿命的影响。方法:样本来自北京老龄化纵向研究,对象为北京市城区(宣武)、近郊(大兴)、远郊(怀柔)55岁以上的人群,1992年基线调查3257例,由经过培训的调访员入户作问卷调查。1994,1997年对该样本随访,了解存活和健康状况。根据能否独立完成日常生活活动(ADL)认定功能健康与否。社会经济状况(socioeconomicstatus,SES)的指标选用教育、收入、职业和家庭拥有财物4项,并均按两分法分为高、低两水平,根据基线调查结果区分每人的各指标所在的高、低位置。利用IMaCH软件多状态生命表法计算预期寿命(lifeexpectancy,LE)、健康预期寿命(activelifeexpectancy,ALE)。结果:老年人LE和ALE男性均低与于女性,但男性ALE/LE高于女性。按不同指标计算,SES高水平者较低水平者男性LE增加20%～52%(延长2.1～5.77年)、女性增加4%～25%(延长0.6～4.3年),ALE男性增加30%～77%(延长2.1～4.0年)、女性增加5%～73%(延长0.6～5.6年)。不同指标与寿命相关的程度不同,男性中收入和财物拥有与ALE/LE的关系最大,女性以家庭财物拥有影响明显。高、低组间的差距随增龄加大。结论:北京市老年人中SES高水平的人较低SES水平的人,有更长的预期寿命和健康预期寿命和较高的ALE/LE?
Objectives: To understand the impact of socioeconomic status on the life expectancy and health life expectancy of people in Beijing’s elderly population. METHODS: The sample was from a longitudinal study of Beijing’s aging population, targeting at people over the age of 55 in downtown Beijing (Xuanwu), the suburbs (Daxing) and outskirts (Huairou). In 1992, there were 3257 baseline surveys conducted by trained interviewers Questionnaire. The sample was followed up in 1994 and 1997 to understand the survival and health status. According to the ability to independently perform activities of daily living (ADL) that functional health or not. Socio-economic status (socioeconomicstatus, SES) indicators selected education, income, occupation and family-owned property 4, and are divided into two levels by high and low two levels, according to the baseline survey results distinguish each indicator of the high , Low position. Life expectancy (LE) and active life expectancy (ALE) were calculated using the IMaCH software multi-state life table method. Results: The LE and ALE men in the elderly were lower than those in the women, but the male ALE / LE was higher than the female. According to different indexes, LE of men with high SES level increased by 20% ~ 52% (prolonged 2.1 ~ 5.77 years), women increased by 4% ~ 25% (prolonged 0.6 ~ 4.3 years), ALE men increased by 30% ~ 77% (extended 2.1 to 4.0 years), women increased by 5% to 73% (extended 0.6-6.6 years). Different indicators have different degrees of correlation with life expectancy. Among men, income and property ownership have the most relations with ALE / LE, and women have obvious influence on family property ownership. The gap between high and low groups increased with age. CONCLUSIONS: People with lower SES and higher SES among elderly people in Beijing have longer life expectancy, longer life expectancy and higher ALE / LE.