验电器和静电计是静电学中两个常用的实验仪器。1995年与1996年两年的高考试卷中分别出现了使用验电器、静电计的考题。众所周知，验电器（分金箔和指针两种）加以改造，就可制成静电计。利用验电器可验证物体是否带电、带何种电荷、区别物体是导体还是绝缘体等，而静电计则可 Electroscopes and electrometers are two commonly used experimental instruments in electrostatics. Examination papers using electroscope and electrometer were appeared in the examination papers of 1995 and 1996. As we all know, electroscope (gold foil and pointer two) can be modified to make an electrometer. The use of electroscope can verify whether the object is charged, with what kind of charge, the difference between the object is a conductor or insulator, etc., while the electrometer can be