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目的分析中国大学生与艾滋病相关的性安全状况及影响因素。方法在中国9个省(自治区、直辖市)30所高校,采用问卷匿名自填方式调查大学生19 124名。结果大学生了解基本的艾滋病知识,男生知识正确率高于女生,但联合国大会艾滋病特别会议(UNGASS)指标五项知识全部正确率仅为38.65%。大学生性观念趋于开放,但自我保护能力不足;大学生性行为发生率为9%,有性经历的学生不使用安全套、多性伴、性交易等高危性行为发生率高。男生接触色情信息、发生性行为和高危性行为的比例高于女生。性观念相对保守、有使用安全套意向,是不安全性行为的保护因素;而吸烟、首次性行为对象非恋爱对象,是不安全性行为的危险因素。结论大学生存在通过性途径感染HIV的风险,单纯的艾滋病知识教育不足以增加其性安全,需要从小养成良好行为习惯,开展性安全教育与指导,并提供相关服务。
Objective To analyze the status and influencing factors of AIDS-related sexual safety among Chinese college students. Methods Thirty-nine colleges and universities in 9 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China investigated 19 124 college students with anonymous questionnaire. Results The undergraduates understand the basic knowledge of AIDS, the correct rate of male knowledge is higher than that of girls, but the UN General Assembly AIDS Special Meeting (UNGASS) indicators of the five knowledge all correct rate was only 38.65%. Sexual attitudes toward undergraduates tend to be open but lack of self-protection; the incidence of sexual behaviors among college students is 9%, students with sexual experiences do not use condoms, and sexual activity is high. There is a higher percentage of boys who have sex information, sex and high-risk sexual behaviors than girls. Relatively conservative sexual attitudes, the use of condoms intentions, is unsafe sex protection factor; and smoking, first-time sex objects non-love object, is a risk factor for unsafe sex. Conclusions There is a risk of HIV infection through sexual means among college students. Pure AIDS knowledge education is not enough to increase sexual safety. It is necessary to develop good behavior habits, conduct sexual safety education and guidance, and provide related services.