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运用主基因-多基因模型分离分析法对低磷土壤条件下玉米082×掖107组合的P1、P2、F1、F2和F2∶3代磷吸收和利用效率联合遗传分析。结果表明,玉米磷吸收效率遗传符合一对加性-显性主基因与加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型(D-0)。F2和F2∶3估计的主基因遗传力分别为51.96%和56.29%,估计的微效多基因遗传力分别为34.17%和29.72%。主基因的遗传力都高于微效多基因,磷吸收效率的遗传主要由一对加性-显性主基因控制,同时微效多基因对玉米磷吸收效率的影响较大。表明可以利用磷吸收效率高的玉米亲本配制杂交组合,并且在育种的早期阶段选育磷吸收效率高的单株或家系,以获得磷吸收效率高的玉米品种。玉米磷利用效率遗传符合加性-显性-上位性多基因模型(C-0),属非主基因控制的遗传。表明玉米磷利用效率主要由微效多基因控制,可以结合玉米磷吸收效率性状的选育,培育磷利用效率高的玉米品种。
Genetic Analysis of Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization Efficiency of P1, P2, F1, F2 and F2: 3 in Maize 082 × Tuck Combination 107 under Low Phosphorus Soil Condition Using Principal Gene - Polygenic Model Separation and Analysis Method. The results showed that the genetic efficiency of maize phosphorus absorption was in line with a pair of additive dominant genes and additive dominant dominance polygene mixed genetic model (D-0). The heritabilities of major genes estimated by F2 and F2: 3 were 51.96% and 56.29%, respectively, and the estimated multiplicities of heritability were 34.17% and 29.72%, respectively. The heritability of the major genes was higher than that of the minor multiplication genes. The inheritance of phosphorus uptake efficiency was mainly controlled by a pair of additive - dominant major genes, while the minor effect genes had a great effect on maize phosphorus uptake efficiency. This indicated that it is possible to formulate hybrid combinations using maize parents with high phosphorus uptake efficiency and to select plants or pedigrees with high phosphorus uptake efficiency in the early stages of breeding to obtain maize varieties with high phosphorus uptake efficiency. Genetic inheritance of P utilization efficiency in maize was consistent with the additive-dominance-epistatic polygenic model (C-0), which belongs to the inheritance of non-dominant gene control. The results showed that the utilization efficiency of maize phosphorus was mainly controlled by the minor multi-gene and could combine with the traits of maize phosphorus absorption efficiency to cultivate maize varieties with high phosphorus use efficiency.