冰川均衡调整(GIA)是黏弹地球对末次冰期地表冰和海水负荷改变的响应,对地壳运动、海平面变化、地球重力场变化、地球旋转运动和应力状态等都有着重要的影响.介绍了目前国际上常见的几种冰川均衡调整(GIA)模型如ICE系列、Paulson07、Geruo13和IJ05系列、W12系列等,从数据来源、建模方法和应用方面对各模型进行了总结,对六种模型在南极地区的预测结果及不确定性进行了比较和分析,最后介绍了中国科学家在全球GIA研究和模型精化方面的重要进展和突出贡献.结果显示GIA模型之间的差别主要来自冰模型,三种冰模型较新的GIA模型ICE-6G_C(VM5a)、IJ05_R2和W12a在抬升峰值分布和东南极沿海大于内陆的量级分布上具有较好的一致性,但在平均量级上和下沉区域分布上仍存在较大的不确定性.随着数据源的扩展和建模方法的不断改进,未来的GIA模型将以更小更真实的不确定性用于地球科学相关领域. The Glacial Equilibrium Adjustment (GIA) is the response of viscoelastic Earth to changes of surface ice and seawater load in the last glacial period, and has an important influence on crustal movement, sea level change, earth gravity field change, earth rotation motion and stress state. At present, several models of glacial equilibrium adjustment (GIA), such as ICE series, Paulson07, Geruo13 and IJ05 series and W12 series, are commonly used in the world. The models are summarized from data sources, modeling methods and applications. Six models The results of the prediction and uncertainty in the Antarctic are compared and analyzed, and finally the important progress and outstanding contributions of Chinese scientists in global GIA research and model refinement are introduced.The results show that the differences between GIA models mainly come from the ice model, Three ice models The newer GIA models, ICE-6G_C (VM5a), IJ05_R2 and W12a, have better agreement between the uplift peak distribution and the continental distribution over the southeast coast, but on the average order of magnitude There are still large uncertainties in the regional distribution of precipitation.With the expansion of data sources and the continuous improvement of modeling methods, the future GIA model will be smaller and more real uncertainty Sex for earth science related fields.