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目的分析北京市儿童1955—2010年生长发育及营养状况长期趋势,为科学指导和预防相关疾病提供依据。方法 1955—1975年的资料源自于公开发表的文献资料,1985—2010年的资料源自于全国学生体质与健康调研。1985年以后,调查学校基本固定,测量方法和质量控制方法保持一致。调查对象为7~17岁在校学生,分别计算性别和年龄别的身高、体重、体质量指数(BMI)。结果北京市儿童1955—2010年生长发育总体呈现上升趋势。2010年北京市17岁男、女生身高分别达到175.37 cm和162.63 cm。1955—2010年男、女生身高总增幅分别为13.46 cm和11.17 cm,平均增速分别为2.45 cm/10年和2.03 cm/10年。2010年17岁男、女生体重分别达到66.75 kg和54.62 kg,1955—2010年男、女生体重平均增速分别为2.68 kg/10年和1.68 kg/10年。身高的最大平均增幅出现在1975—1985年,男、女生分别达到4.51cm/10年和3.23 cm/10年。男、女生分别在13岁和11岁年龄段时身高增幅最大,达到17.85 cm和15.90 cm。结论北京市儿童1955—2010年身高、体重总体呈现上升趋势,儿童健康和营养状况得到极大改善。2007年政府政策干预后,儿童肥胖上升趋势得以初步控制。
Objective To analyze the long-term trends of growth and nutritional status of children in Beijing from 1955 to 2010, and to provide basis for scientific guidance and prevention of diseases. Methods Data for 1955-1975 originated from published literature, and data from 1985 to 2010 originated from the National Student Physique and Health Survey. After 1985, the investigation schools were basically fixed, and the measurement methods and quality control methods were consistent. The survey participants were school-aged children aged 7 to 17, and were respectively calculated for height, weight and body mass index (BMI) by gender and age. Results The growth of children in Beijing from 1955 to 2010 showed an overall upward trend. In 2010, the 17-year-old boys and girls in Beijing reached 175.37 cm in height and 162.63 cm in height. The total height growth of boys and girls in 1955-2010 was 13.46 cm and 11.17 cm respectively, with an average growth rate of 2.45 cm / 10 and 2.03 cm / 10 years respectively. In 2010, the male and female 17-year-olds achieved 66.75 kg and 54.62 kg of body weight respectively. The average growth rate of male and female students in 1955-2010 was 2.68 kg / 10 and 1.68 kg / 10 years respectively. The largest average increase in height occurred between 1975 and 1985, with boys and girls reaching 4.51 cm / 10 and 3.23 cm / 10 years, respectively. The height growth of males and females was the largest at 17 years old and 11 years old respectively, reaching 17.85 cm and 15.90 cm. Conclusion The overall height and weight of children in Beijing from 1955 to 2010 show an upward trend, and their health and nutritional status have been greatly improved. After the government policy intervention in 2007, the upward trend of childhood obesity can be initially controlled.