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羊肚菌[Morchella esculenta(L.)Pers.]在我国分布极其广泛,有关其种类分布、生态环境、资源调查与开发利用等方面均有研究报道。2013—2016年,采用区域调查和定点调查的研究方法,对甘肃甘南藏族自治州境内野生羊肚菌的种类、自然分布和生态环境等资源学方面进行了调查研究。调查结果显示:(1)该地区有7种野生羊肚菌,分别为羊肚菌(Morchella esculenta)、粗柄羊肚菌(Morchella crassipes)、尖顶羊肚菌(Morchella conica)、黑脉羊肚菌(Morchella angusticeps)、小羊肚菌(Morchella deliciosa)、紫褐羊肚菌(Morchella purpurascens)和半开羊肚菌(Morchella semilibera),其中紫褐羊肚菌(Morchella purpurascens)和半开羊肚菌(Morchella semilibera)为甘肃省新纪录种。(2)该地区野生羊肚菌发生季节为每年的4—5月,春夏之交的雨后广泛生于桦、栎等阔叶林中及林缘空旷草丛中,并且每年的10—11月也偶有发生。(3)该地区野生羊肚菌大多发生在壤质潮土、粘质潮土和褐壤腐殖质较多的土壤中,土壤中富含微量元素镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼、钼等。(4)该地区野生羊肚菌发生温度一般在4.4~16.8℃,相对湿度在75%左右,若阴、晴天交替和有足够的新鲜空气,则非常有利于羊肚菌子实体的生长。
Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers.] Is widely distributed in our country, with reports on its species distribution, ecological environment, resource investigation and development and utilization. In 2013-2016, the methods of regional investigation and site survey were used to investigate the species, natural distribution and ecological environment of wild Morchella in Gansu Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The results showed that: (1) There are 7 species of Morchella esculenta in the area, Morchella esculenta, Morchella crassipes, Morchella conica, Morchella angusticeps, Morchella deliciosa, Morchella purpurascens and Morchella semilibera, Morchella purpurascens, Morchella semilibera is a new record in Gansu Province. (2) The season of wild Morchella in this area is from April to May each year. After the rain at the beginning of spring and summer, it is widely born in the broad-leaved forest such as birch and oak and in the open edge of the forest margin, and from October to November every year Occasional happened. (3) Most of the wild Morchella in this area occurred in soils with loamy humus, clayey tidal soil and brown soil humus. The soil is rich in trace elements such as magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum Wait. (4) The temperature of wild Morchella in the area is generally 4.4 ~ 16.8 ℃, relative humidity is about 75%, if the shade, sunny and alternating with enough fresh air, it is very conducive to Morchella fruiting body growth.