Objective:To observe the imbalance of anatomical and functional innervation factors of sympathetic nerves,nerve growth factor (NGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF),in salt-sensitive hypertensive heart failure rats and to explore the effects of treatment with Guizhi Decoction（桂枝汤） on sympathetic remodeling by inhibiting cholinergic transdifferentiation.Methods:SS-13BN and Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats were divided int0 3 groups:SS-13BN group (control group,n=9),DS group (model group,n=9) and GS group (Guizhi Decoction,n=9).After 10 weeks of a high-salt diet,the GS group rats were given Guizhi Decoction and other two groups were given saline at an equal volume as a vehicle.After 4 weeks\' intragastric administration,rats were executed to detect the relevant indicators.Echocardiography and plasma n-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were used to assess cardiac function.Noradrenaline (NA) levels in the plasma and myocardium were detected to evaluate the sympathetic function.NGF and LIF expression were detected in the myocardium by Western blot or quantitative real-time PCR.Double immunofluorescence or Western blot was used to detect tyrosine hydroxylase (TH),choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) in order to reflect anatomical and functional changes of sympathetic nerves.Results:DS group had anatomical and functional deterioration of sympathetic nerves in the decompensation period of heart failure compared with SS-13BN group.Compared with the DS group,Guizhi Decoction significantly decreased the expression of LIF mRNA/protein (P＜0.01),increased the expression of NGF (P＜0.05 0r P＜0.01),enhanced the levels of TH+/GAP43+ and TH+/CHAT+ positive nerve fibers (P＜0.01),and improved the protein expression of TH and GAP43 in left ventricle,but had no effect on CHAT (P＞0.05).Guizhi Decoction inhibited inflammatory infiltration and collagen deposition of myocardial injury,increased the content of myocardial NA (P＜0.05),reduced the plasma NA level (P＜0.01),improved cardiac function (P＜0.01),and improved weight and blood pressure to some extent (P＜0.05),compared with DS group.Conclusions:Guizhi Decoction could inhibit cholinergic transdifferentiation of sympathetic nerves,improve the anatomical and functional denervation of sympathetic nerves,and delay the progression of decompensated heart failure.The mechanism may be associated with the correction of the imbalance of NGF and LIF.