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穗发芽对小麦的生产、加工和消费等方面带来诸多不利影响。小麦穗发芽受自身与环境因素的影响,其中子粒本身的休眠特性和α-淀粉酶活性与穗发芽联系紧密。近年来,利用分子标记和比较基因组学等方法研究小麦穗发芽发展迅速,已鉴定出大量与穗发芽抗性相关的分子标记,并定位到不同的染色体上。本文从穗发芽的危害、抗性机制、抗性遗传等方面阐述了小麦抗穗发芽的研究进展,并对今后重点研究方向进行了展望,以期为小麦抗穗发芽育种提供理论参考。
Ear sprouting has many adverse effects on wheat production, processing and consumption. Sprouting of wheat was affected by its own and environmental factors, among which the dormancy characteristics and α-amylase activity of the seeds themselves were closely related to spike germination. In recent years, the use of molecular markers and comparative genomics and other methods to study the rapid development of wheat sprouting, has identified a large number of spikelet resistance markers associated with molecular mapping and locating on different chromosomes. In this paper, the research progress of spike-resistant wheat germplasm was expounded from the aspects of the harm of sprouting, the resistance mechanism and the resistance inheritance. The future research directions were prospected in order to provide theoretical reference for spike-resistant breeding of wheat.