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目的:探讨活动期溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者内镜特征对治疗后内镜缓解的影响。方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究方法。收集2014年1月至2020年9月于南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院住院并行结肠镜检查的79例活动期UC患者的临床资料和内镜资料。Mayo内镜评分（MES）≤1被定义为内镜缓解，根据治疗后是否达内镜缓解将患者分成缓解组和未缓解组。Cox回归分析影响UC患者内镜缓解的因素，进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:79例UC患者中，男性33例，女性46例，中位年龄42.0 （27.0）岁，中位病程30.0 （63.0）个月。缓解组33例，未缓解组46例。两组患者在治疗药物的选择上构成比例不同（n P0.05）。单因素分析提示，缓解组患者活动期内镜下血管纹理完全缺失比例（39.4%比76.1%，n HR = 0.303，95%n CI：0.146 ~ 0.626，n P = 0.001）和炎性息肉发生比例（27.3%比67.4%，n HR = 0.264，95%n CI：0.118 ~ 0.588，n P = 0.001）均低于未缓解组。而矫正混杂因素后的多因素分析则提示血管纹理完全缺失（n HR = 0.455，95%n CI：0.208 ~ 0.995，n P = 0.048）及炎性增生性息肉（n HR = 0.364，95%n CI：0.153 ~ 0.868，n P = 0.023）仍是影响内镜缓解的独立危险因素。活动期存在炎性息肉和血管纹理完全缺失的患者内镜不缓解的风险分别增加63.6%和54.5%。n 结论:炎性增生性息肉、血管纹理完全缺失两项活动期内镜特征是影响UC患者内镜缓解的独立危险因素。“,”Objective:To investigate the endoscopic characteristics in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) affect the endoscopic remission after treatment.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conductd. The clinical and endoscopic data of 79 cases who underwent colonoscopy in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2014 to September 2020 were collected. Mayo endoscopic score (MES) ≤1 was defined as endoscopic remission. Patients were divided into remission and non-remission groups based on the endoscopic remission after treatment achieved or not. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to screen the factors affecting endoscopic remission in UC patients by Cox regression.Results:Among the 79 UC patients, 33 were male and 46 were female, with a median age of 42.0 (27.0) years and a median disease course of 30.0 (63.0) months. There were 33 cases in remission group and 46 cases in non-remission group. The composition proportion of the two groups was significantly different in the choice of therapeutic drugs in the treatment of patients (n P0.05). Univariate analysis suggested that the complete disappearance of vascular texture (39.4% vs. 76.1%,n HR=0.303, 95%n CI: 0.146-0.626, n P=0.001) and inflammatory hyperplastic polyps (27.3% vs. 67.4%, n HR=0.264, 95%n CI: 0.118-0.588, n P=0.001) were less in the remission group than those in the non-remission group.Multivariate analysis after correction for confounding factors indicated that complete disappearance of vascular texture (n HR=0.455, 95%n CI: 0.208- 0.995, n P=0.048) and inflammatory hyperplastic polyps (n HR=0.364, 95%n CI: 0.153-0.868, n P=0.023) were still independent risk factors affecting endoscopic remission. Active UC patients with inflammatory polyps and complete disappearance of vascular texture are difficult to achieve endoscopic remission, with the risk increasing by 63.6% and 54.5% respectively.n Conclusions:Inflammatory hyperplastic polyps and complete loss of vascular texture are independent risk factors for endoscopic remission in patients with active UC.