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以浙江省金华市莲塘口流域为研究区,基于SWAT模型建立适用于该流域的面源污染分布式模型,模拟分析了研究区不同土地利用方式以及不同施肥制度下氮磷负荷的排放,识别关键污染源的贡献,为该区域面源污染控制和综合治理提供科学依据.结果表明:研究区单位面积总氮、总磷排放负荷较大的土地类型分别为住宅用地、水稻田,但总氮、总磷排放负荷总量最大的土地类型均为水稻田;种植施肥、农村生活和畜禽养殖排放产生的总氮、总磷负荷分别占流域总量的71.1%和50.2%,其中,由于种植施肥排放的总氮、总磷分别占流域总氮、总磷排放总量的55.4%和48.1%;减少水稻田的施肥量可以有效降低农田氮磷污染负荷的排放量,但增加施肥次数无显著减排效果.
Taking LianTangKou watershed of Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province as a study area, a distributed model of non-point source pollution suitable for the basin was established based on the SWAT model. The emission and emission of nitrogen and phosphorus under different land use and fertilization systems in the study area were simulated and analyzed. The contribution of pollution sources to provide a scientific basis for non-point source pollution control and comprehensive management in the region.The results show that: the land types of total nitrogen and total phosphorus emission load in the study area are residential land and paddy field respectively, but total nitrogen and total The total types of land with the largest total phosphorus discharge load are paddy fields. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus load generated by planting and fertilizing, rural life and livestock and poultry breeding respectively account for 71.1% and 50.2% of the total basin volume. Among them, Of total nitrogen and total phosphorus accounted for 55.4% and 48.1% of the total nitrogen and total phosphorus emissions in the basin, respectively. Reducing the amount of fertilizer applied in paddy fields could effectively reduce the emission of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland, but no significant reduction in the number of times of applying fertilizers effect.