弗兰西斯·培根(一五六一——一六二六年)是最卓越的英国唯物主义哲学家之一,马克思把他称为“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖”。培根出身于英国的一个高级官僚的家庭,他自己也曾经担任过掌玺大臣和国家大法官等官职,并且得到了爵位。他的哲学观点完全反映了当时的新兴资产阶级和与它结成联盟的新 Francis Bacon (1561-1626) was one of the most prominent British materialistic philosophers, whom Marx referred to as “the true first ancestor of British materialism and of modern experimental science.” Bacon was born in a British family of high-level bureaucrats, he himself had served as the governor of the Great Hall of the states and national judges and other officials, and won the title. His philosophical views fully reflect the then emerging bourgeoisie and the new alliance with it