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本文综述了近年来青藏高原冰川和湖泊变化研究取得的成果,并特别着重于冰川和湖泊变化的相互关系论述。在全球变暖背景下,近几十年青藏高原冰川以退缩为主,湖泊水量以增加为主。本文一方面对青藏高原冰川末端退缩、冰川面积和冰川储量变化方面的研究成果进行了综合分析,探讨了冰川变化的时空特征;另一方面从湖泊面积和水位与水量变化探讨了湖泊变化的时空规律。结果表明青藏高原冰川退缩的幅度总体上呈从青藏高原外缘向内陆呈减小的变化态势,受冰川融水补给比较大的湖泊近期面积扩张、水位上升明显。最后指出了青藏高原冰川、湖泊变化研究中存在的问题及今后的发展趋势。
This paper summarizes the achievements made in the study of the glacier and lake change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in recent years, with particular emphasis on the interrelationship between glaciers and lakes. In the context of global warming, glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been retreated in recent decades, with the increase of lake water mainly. On the one hand, the paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the research results on the retreat of glaciers at the end of the glacier plateau, glacier area and glacial reserve change, explores the spatio-temporal features of glacier change; on the other hand discusses the change of time and space of the lake from the change of lake area and water level and water volume law. The results show that the retreat of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau generally decreases from the outer edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the inland, and the recent increase of the lakes affected by glacier melt water supply increases obviously. Finally, the problems existing in the study of glacier and lake change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the future development trends are pointed out.