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我国农村合作医疗起源于20世纪50年代初,发展于60年代,鼎盛于“文化大革命”期间。但由于长期受“左”的思想影响,我国农村合作医疗制度带有浓厚的政治色彩。从90年代开始,我国开始探索市场经济条件下农村合作医疗的发展道路,但仍然未能实现“2000年人人享有医疗保健”的预期目标。进入21世纪后,党中央、国务院把“人人享有基本医疗卫生服务”确立为全面建设小康社会的重要目标之一,终于在2008年建立起新型农村合作医疗制度和医疗救助制度,成为新中国社会主义建设的一大成就。
China’s rural cooperative medical care originated in the early 1950s and developed in the 1960s, culminating in the “Cultural Revolution” period. However, due to its long-term influence by the “Left” ideology, China’s rural cooperative medical system has a strong political flavor. Since the 1990s, our country has started to explore the development path of rural cooperative medical care under the condition of market economy, but it still fails to achieve the expected target of “enjoying health care for all by the year 2000”. Entering the 21st century, the Central Party Committee and the State Council have established “one basic medical and health service for all” as one of the important goals for building an overall well-to-do society and finally established a new type of rural cooperative medical system and medical assistance system in 2008, becoming the One of the great achievements of new socialist construction in China.