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成本收益分析应用于生命定价引起的伦理争论表现在三个方面:生命定价的合理性;生命定价的程序正义;生命定价的分配正义。这些伦理上的争论实质上反映出来的是隐藏在成本收益分析背后的政策制定者或决策者的价值预设或价值偏好。如果坚持成本收益分析作为生命定价的一种直到目前仍然是合适的方法,那么,我们就不能回避由它所反映出来的那些价值预设或价值偏好的伦理问题。这些问题只有得到很好地解决,成本收益分析应用于生命定价才会建立在一个坚实的伦理学基础之上。
The analysis of cost and benefit applies to the ethical controversy caused by life pricing in three aspects: the rationality of life pricing, the procedural justice of life pricing and the justice of distribution of life pricing. These ethical arguments essentially reflect the value presumptions or value preferences of policymakers or decision makers hidden behind cost-benefit analysis. If we insist on cost-benefit analysis as a way of life pricing that has so far been the right approach, then we can not sidestep the ethical issues of the value presuppositions or the value preferences that it reflects. Only if these problems are well solved, the application of cost-benefit analysis to life pricing will be based on a solid ethics foundation.