病毒性肺炎在3岁以下婴幼儿肺炎中极为多见,重症病毒性肺炎的发病率不仅因病毒的类型、年度及地区的不同而有所差异;即使是同一类病毒,因型别不一,轻重程度也不一样。因此,对重症病毒性肺炎首先必须要进行病原学诊断,还要对除呼吸衰竭外的脑病、心力衰竭等问题进行讨论。一、病毒病原学诊断:传统的实验室病毒分离与血清学方法所需时间较长(至少1周以上).对指导重症肺炎的治疗毫无帮助。近来开展了快速诊断的研究,国内开展较多的有: 1.免疫荧光技术:本法是将特异性抗体标记荧光素(常用是异硫氰荧光素)同抗原相结合,置于高 Viral pneumonia is extremely common in infants under 3 years of age with pneumonia. The incidence of severe viral pneumonia varies not only by the type of virus, by year and by region, but even by the genotypes, The degree of severity is not the same. Therefore, the first must be pathogenic diagnosis of severe viral pneumonia, but also in addition to respiratory failure, encephalopathy, heart failure and other issues are discussed. First, the virus etiological diagnosis: traditional laboratory virus isolation and serological methods take a long time (at least 1 week), to guide the treatment of severe pneumonia is not helpful. Recently conducted a rapid diagnosis of research carried out more domestic are: 1. Immunofluorescence: This method is a specific antibody labeled fluorescein (commonly used isosafluin fluorescein) combined with antigens, placed in the high