人权问题既是一个重要的理论问题,也是一个迫切需要解答的现实问题。因此,开展对人权理论的研究是十分必要的。我们这里想以马克思主义一般原理为指导,试图正面回答几个有关人权的理论问题。 (一)人权与人的本质关系问题 人权是人的一个方面,而人的本质是人的核心,人权应该从人的本质那里获得自己存在的根据。卢梭把自由、平等看成人的本质时,是把人权和人的本质混为一谈了。马克思认为一般说来,人的本质就是改造世界的能力,亦即劳动的能力,而现实的人的本质是离不开人的一切社会关系的,因此,现实的人的本质是存在于人的社会关系中的劳动能力,人权的根据存在于人的现实的具体的劳动能力之中。婴儿呱呱坠地还只是具有成为人的一 The issue of human rights is not only an important theoretical issue but also an urgent problem that needs urgent solution. Therefore, to carry out the study of human rights theory is very necessary. Here, we want to be guided by the general principles of Marxism and try to answer some of the theoretical issues concerning human rights in a positive light. (A) the relationship between human rights and human nature Human rights is one aspect of man, and human nature is the core of human beings, human rights should be based on the human nature to get their own existence. When Rousseau regarded freedom and equality as the essence of an adult, he confused human rights with human nature. According to Marx, the essence of man is, in general, the ability to transform the world, that is, the ability of work. The essence of reality is inseparable from all social relations of man. Therefore, the essence of reality is that man exists The ability to work in social relations and the basis for human rights lie in the specific ability of man to work. Baby birth is just one person