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任何交际主体在实施任何言语行为时必须满足四项普遍有效性要求:可领会性、真实性、真诚性与合适性。可领会性属于语义要求,真实性、真诚性与合适性则属于语用要求。在语言的认知使用、交互使用与表达使用中,真实性、合适性与真诚性分别被主题化。有效性要求反映了普遍语用学的方法论特征与理论取向:在方法论上,普遍语用学把语义分析与语用分析结合了起来;在理论取向上,普遍语用学代表了欧洲大陆理性主义,超越了英美经验主义的传统。普遍语用学中所提出的有效性要求对我国的语用学研究和话语分析具有重要的指导意义。
Any communicative agent must fulfill four universal validity requirements when implementing any verbal act: understandability, authenticity, sincerity and suitability. Comprehensibility belongs to the semantic requirement. Authenticity, sincerity and suitability are all pragmatic requirements. In the cognitive use of language, interactive use and expression of use, authenticity, suitability and sincerity were themed. The validity requirement reflects the methodological features and theoretical orientation of universal pragmatics: in methodology, universal pragmatics combines semantic analysis with pragmatic analysis; and in terms of theoretical orientation, universal pragmatics represents European rationalism Beyond the tradition of Anglo-American empiricism. The validity requirements put forward in universal pragmatics have important guiding significance for the study of pragmatics and discourse analysis in our country.