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生态需水是当前水问题研究中的一个热点问题,对于生态环境急剧恶化的内陆干旱区来说,这一研究尤为紧迫。气候变化及人类活动导致水文变异,进而改变了当地生态系统的水文及生态平衡状况。文章采用黑河流域莺落峡站1947-2006年月径流序列资料,运用差积曲线-秩检验联合法来识别水文过程变异点并分析变异成因,然后对各月平均流量序列用线性矩法推求GEV分布参数,求出概率密度最大流量,将其视为相应月河道内生态流量,可以得到黑河莺落峡站河道内生态需水情况。结果表明,基于水文变异情况分析河道内生态需水的计算方法在黑河上游是可行的;水文变异前后,站点满足生态需水频率会发生显著变化,因气候原因而导致的径流量变化是很难避免的,科学合理计算生态需水对干旱区河流生态管理和经济社会可持续发展有重要作用和意义。
Ecological water demand is a hot issue in current water research, which is especially urgent for inland arid regions where the ecological environment deteriorates sharply. Climate change and human activities lead to hydrological variations, which in turn change the hydrological and ecological balance of local ecosystems. Using the data of monthly runoff series from 1947 to 2006 in Yingluoxia Station of Heihe River Basin, the authors used the differential product curve-rank test to identify the variation points of hydrological processes and analyzed the causes of variation. Then, using the linear moment method to calculate the mean flow series of each month, GEV Distributing the parameters and calculating the maximum probability density flow, which can be regarded as the ecological flow in the corresponding monthly river channel, the ecological water requirement in the river course of Yingluotxia Station can be obtained. The results show that it is feasible to calculate the ecological water demand in the river channel based on the variation of hydrological conditions in the upper reaches of the Heihe River. Before and after the hydrological variation, the frequency of ecological water demand changes significantly, and the change of runoff due to climatic reasons is very difficult To avoid, scientific and rational calculation of ecological water demand for the arid river ecological management and economic and social sustainable development have an important role and significance.