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在岩土工程中 ,进行灾害防治和软基处理的一个核心问题是把粘土矿物由亲水性改造成疏水性 ,抑制和降低其含水量 ,使得粘土遇水后不再吸水膨胀 ,从而保持土壤的稳定性。岩土力学工程中以保持土壤稳定性为目的对粘土的改性称为“钝化”。所谓钝化就是用钝化剂与粘土矿物表面发生反应 ,改变粘土矿物的表面结构 ,提高憎水性 ,增加粘土整体的力学性质 ,从而达到稳定土体的目的。在粘土矿物钝化中表面活性剂是一个重要的组成部分 ,但是表面活性剂在固液界面的吸附 ,除决定于其本身的性质外 ,还决定于固体的性质、溶液的 pH值和温度等。因此 ,研究粘土矿物表面结构和性质以及与钝化剂的相互作用是提高粘土矿物钝化效果的重要途经。利用近代分析方法 (XRD、IR、Raman、MASNMR、TEM、AFM和SEM ) ,对粘土矿物 (高岭石、蒙脱石和伊利石 )钝化前后的表面结构和性质进行了系统研究 ,并结合相关的土力学、工程力学参数的测定 ,阐明粘土矿物钝化的机理 ,剖析和研制粘土矿物钝化剂 ,为解决各类工程和灾害问题中的土壤稳定提供理论依据。
In geotechnical engineering, one of the key problems in disaster prevention and treatment of soft ground is that the clay mineral is modified from hydrophilic to hydrophobic to inhibit and reduce the water content, so that the clay will not swell when it encounters water so as to keep the soil Stability. In rock and soil mechanics engineering to maintain soil stability for the purpose of the modification of clay called “passivation.” The so-called passivation is the passivation agent that reacts with the surface of clay minerals to change the surface structure of clay minerals to improve water repellency and increase the overall mechanical properties of clay so as to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the soil. Surfactants are an important component in the deactivation of clay minerals, but the adsorption of surfactants at the solid-liquid interface depends not only on their nature, but also on the nature of the solid, the pH and temperature of the solution . Therefore, studying the surface structure and properties of clay minerals and their interaction with passivators is an important way to improve the passivation of clay minerals. The surface structures and properties of clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite and illite) before and after passivation were systematically studied by modern analytical methods (XRD, IR, Raman, MAS NMR, TEM, AFM and SEM) Soil mechanics and engineering mechanics parameters to clarify the mechanism of clay minerals passivation, analysis and development of clay mineral passivation agent, to solve all types of engineering and disaster problems in the soil to provide a theoretical basis for stability.