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乙型肝炎作为一种发病率高、死亡率高的传染性疾病,已严重威胁人类健康,乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)是诱发乙型肝炎的重要病因。目前,最主要的治疗方法是运用抗病毒药物控制病情,但这些药物都不能完全治愈乙型肝炎且复发率高。近年来,RNA干扰技术(RNA interference,RNAi)逐渐成为有效、快速治疗乙型肝炎的新疗法。利用RNA干扰技术体外合成针对HBV基因的siRNA,选择适当的载体将其运送至靶细胞,使HBV基因沉默,从而抑制病毒复制,可有效达到治疗乙肝的效果。本文围绕siRNA沉默HBV基因的设计原理、递送载体、靶向策略、以及治疗效果与应用前景等方面进行了系统综述,为今后siRNA治疗乙肝的临床应用提供参考。
Hepatitis B, as a kind of infectious disease with high incidence and high mortality, has seriously threatened human health. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important cause of Hepatitis B. At present, the most important treatment is the use of antiviral drugs to control the disease, but none of these drugs completely cure hepatitis B and have a high recurrence rate. In recent years, RNA interference (RNAi) has gradually become a new and effective treatment for hepatitis B effectively and rapidly. In vitro synthesis of siRNA against HBV gene by RNA interference technology, select the appropriate vector to be transported to target cells, so that HBV gene silencing, thereby inhibiting viral replication, can effectively achieve the effect of treatment of hepatitis B. This article reviews the design principles, delivery vectors, targeting strategies, and therapeutic and application prospects of siRNA silencing of siRNA, and provides a reference for the future clinical application of siRNA in the treatment of hepatitis B virus.