论文部分内容阅读
说明文以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物,阐明事理。它最大特点是说明性。说明文主要有:知识介绍、商品介绍、解说词、说明书、内容提要、广告等。只须客观地介绍,不需要发表个人主张。
【写作技巧】
⒈描写要抓住人或物的主要特征,防止面面俱到。
⒉说明要层次分明,条理清楚,由浅入深,由易到难,由外到内,由始到末。
⒊选用恰当的说明方法将各要点连接成句。
⒋合理使用说明词。如:表示时间的then, now, soon, later等;表示程序、动作过程的first, second,next, at first, at last等;表示解释说明的forexample, suchas, forinstance, for this reason等;表比较、对比的just as, more or less, sooner or later, ontheotherhand等; 表示总结的finally,in conclusion, generally speaking等。
⒌尽可能使说明的内容有趣生动。
⒍说明文多用一般现在时。
⒎采用客观描述,避免夸大或缩小原意,不要带有主观色彩。
【学生习作】
题目:北京制药二厂研制出了一种新药,请你为该药写一份说明书。题目已给出, 字数在80词左右。要点如下:
①本品为传统中药,对心脏病疗效显著。
②用法与用量:每日三次,一次三粒,心脏不舒服时加服1-2粒。
③服药后身体不舒服可停药,儿童禁用。
④本品应放在阴凉干燥处。
⑤使用本品应遵医嘱。
⑥词汇:传统中药Chinese
traditional medicine,心脏病heart disease 。
Medicine Operation Instructions
This medicine is made by the Second Medical Factory of Beijing. It is a new kind of Chinese traditional medicine. It can cure heart disease①. It should be taken three pills once and three times a day, what also can be②taken one or two more if needed. The children may not③take this kind of medicine. If you are not feeling well after that④, you should stop taking it. When we put it, we’d better find a dry, cool place⑤. You’d better to⑥ listen to the doctor before you take it.
【老师评述】
本文是药品说明书,小作者能根据要点连词成篇,注意了说明书的写作特点,语言简练,基本功较扎实,但也有一些语法和说明不实的地方,总体来说还是一篇较成功之作。
①夸大药品功效,与说明书要求不符。应改为“It is very good to heart disease”。
②复合句连接词用词不当,what应改为which。
③may not用词不准,该句语气应坚决,所以应将may not换成mustn’t意为“禁止” “千万别”。
④that指代不明,可改为after taking it。
⑤此句最好用被动语态。可改为“This medicine should be kept in a dark,cool and dry place”。
⑥短语用法错误,had better 后应跟不带to的动词不定式,因此应把to去掉。
【小试身手】
假若你所在的村叫沈家湾村,现在是一个对外开放乡村游的小村庄,请你用英语给外国朋友写一篇短文,向他们介绍一下该村的情况。要求语句通顺,70词左右。
要点如下:
①沈家湾(Shenjia Village)离枣庄市约30公里,人口2000多。好多民居是明朝或清朝修建的。
②过去没有工厂、学校,村民的生活艰苦。
③1985年以来该村发生了巨大的变化。
④现在已经有一所学校和三家工厂。
⑤村民们都住进了新居,生活越来越好。
参考范文:
Shenjia Village is about 30 kilometers away from the city of Zaozhuang. It has a population of over 2000. A lot of houses were built in the Ming Dynasty or the Qing Dynasty. In the past, there was no factory or school. The villagers lived a hard life. Since 1985 great changes have taken place in the village. Now there are three factories and a school. All the villagers live in new houses. Their life is getting better and better.
【写作技巧】
⒈描写要抓住人或物的主要特征,防止面面俱到。
⒉说明要层次分明,条理清楚,由浅入深,由易到难,由外到内,由始到末。
⒊选用恰当的说明方法将各要点连接成句。
⒋合理使用说明词。如:表示时间的then, now, soon, later等;表示程序、动作过程的first, second,next, at first, at last等;表示解释说明的forexample, suchas, forinstance, for this reason等;表比较、对比的just as, more or less, sooner or later, ontheotherhand等; 表示总结的finally,in conclusion, generally speaking等。
⒌尽可能使说明的内容有趣生动。
⒍说明文多用一般现在时。
⒎采用客观描述,避免夸大或缩小原意,不要带有主观色彩。
【学生习作】
题目:北京制药二厂研制出了一种新药,请你为该药写一份说明书。题目已给出, 字数在80词左右。要点如下:
①本品为传统中药,对心脏病疗效显著。
②用法与用量:每日三次,一次三粒,心脏不舒服时加服1-2粒。
③服药后身体不舒服可停药,儿童禁用。
④本品应放在阴凉干燥处。
⑤使用本品应遵医嘱。
⑥词汇:传统中药Chinese
traditional medicine,心脏病heart disease 。
Medicine Operation Instructions
This medicine is made by the Second Medical Factory of Beijing. It is a new kind of Chinese traditional medicine. It can cure heart disease①. It should be taken three pills once and three times a day, what also can be②taken one or two more if needed. The children may not③take this kind of medicine. If you are not feeling well after that④, you should stop taking it. When we put it, we’d better find a dry, cool place⑤. You’d better to⑥ listen to the doctor before you take it.
【老师评述】
本文是药品说明书,小作者能根据要点连词成篇,注意了说明书的写作特点,语言简练,基本功较扎实,但也有一些语法和说明不实的地方,总体来说还是一篇较成功之作。
①夸大药品功效,与说明书要求不符。应改为“It is very good to heart disease”。
②复合句连接词用词不当,what应改为which。
③may not用词不准,该句语气应坚决,所以应将may not换成mustn’t意为“禁止” “千万别”。
④that指代不明,可改为after taking it。
⑤此句最好用被动语态。可改为“This medicine should be kept in a dark,cool and dry place”。
⑥短语用法错误,had better 后应跟不带to的动词不定式,因此应把to去掉。
【小试身手】
假若你所在的村叫沈家湾村,现在是一个对外开放乡村游的小村庄,请你用英语给外国朋友写一篇短文,向他们介绍一下该村的情况。要求语句通顺,70词左右。
要点如下:
①沈家湾(Shenjia Village)离枣庄市约30公里,人口2000多。好多民居是明朝或清朝修建的。
②过去没有工厂、学校,村民的生活艰苦。
③1985年以来该村发生了巨大的变化。
④现在已经有一所学校和三家工厂。
⑤村民们都住进了新居,生活越来越好。
参考范文:
Shenjia Village is about 30 kilometers away from the city of Zaozhuang. It has a population of over 2000. A lot of houses were built in the Ming Dynasty or the Qing Dynasty. In the past, there was no factory or school. The villagers lived a hard life. Since 1985 great changes have taken place in the village. Now there are three factories and a school. All the villagers live in new houses. Their life is getting better and better.