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Objective: To study the relationship between VAP-1, NT-proBNP, NLRP3 protein expression and survival status of patients with COPD. Methods: 130 patients with COPD admitted from February 2015 to June 2016 were followed up for 2 years and were divided into death group (28 cases) and survival group (102 cases) according to the prognosis. The levels of serum VAP-1, NT-proBNP and NLRP3 protein were detected by ELISA. Logistic regression analysis of risk factors affecting the survival of patients with COPD, Spearman correlation analysis of the relationship between serum factors, and plot the survival curve of patients. Results: The serum levels of VAP-1, NT-proBNP, and NLRP3 in the survival group were significantly lower or shorter than those in the death group, and the lung function was significantly better than the death group, mainly in the I to III grades, with significant difference( P < 0.05). Serum VAP-1, NT-proBNP, NLRP3, duration of disease, and pulmonary function grading can be used as independent prognostic risk factors for survival in patients with COPD. The Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of VAP-1, NT-proBNP and NLRP3 protein were positively correlated (r values were greater than 0, P values were less than 0.05). The mortality of patients with positive VAP-1, NT-proBNP and NLRP3 protein expression levels was significantly higher than that of the negative group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Serum VAP-1, NT-proBNP and NLRP3 are independent risk factors for the survival of patients. There is a positive correlation between the expression levels of each factor. The higher the level of expression, the worse the prognosis.