获得性免疫缺陷综合征是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)所引起的致命性慢性传染病,除可通过相关表面分子受体主要感染CD4+T淋巴细胞外,还能影响CD8+T淋巴细胞、单核/巨噬细胞、B细胞及自然杀伤细胞的功能和数量,甚至Th1/Th2的平衡也会发生改变。而这些改变与宿主感染HIV后病情进展的相关机制越来越多地被人们发现,同时也为疫苗的研究指明了方向。 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a deadly chronic infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In addition to its ability to primarily infect CD4 + T lymphocytes through relevant surface molecule receptors, it also affects CD8 + T lymphocytes, The function and number of monocytes / macrophages, B cells and natural killer cells, and even the balance of Th1 / Th2, also change. However, these changes are more and more found in the pathogenesis of HIV infection in host and the direction of vaccine research.