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目的探讨锦州市1998—2015年猩红热流行特征和发病趋势,为疫情防控提供科学依据。方法对锦州市1998—2015年猩红热病例的时间分布、地区分布、人群分布特征进行描述性分析,采用χ2检验对不同年份发病率进行比较。结果 1998—2015年锦州市猩红热年平均发病率为2.86/10万,不同年份发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=553.42,P=0.00)。季节性分布特征明显,每年出现2个流行高峰,4—7月为春夏季高峰期,占全部病例数的46.86%;1—12月份为冬季高峰期,占全部病例数的22.40%。3~14岁病例占全部病例的92.41%,其中4~7岁占59.93%。发病人群主要以学生、幼托儿童为主,占全部病例数的82.45%。男女发病数比为1.44∶1。结论幼托儿童及小学生是猩红热的主要高危人群。应加强对托幼机构、学校及儿童密集的游乐场所的疫情监测。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trend of scarlet fever in Jinzhou from 1998 to 2015, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of epidemic situation. Methods The time distribution, regional distribution and population distribution characteristics of scarlet fever cases in Jinzhou from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed descriptively, and the incidence of different years was compared using χ2 test. Results The average incidence of scarlet fever was 2.86 / 100 000 in Jinzhou City from 1998 to 2015, and the difference was statistically significant in different years (χ2 = 553.42, P = 0.00). Seasonal distribution is obvious, with two epidemic peaks appearing each year. The peak is in spring and summer in April-July, accounting for 46.86% of the total number of cases. The peak season in winter is from January to December, accounting for 22.40% of the total number of cases. The cases of 3-14 years old accounted for 92.41% of the total cases, of which 4 to 7 years old accounted for 59.93%. The incidence of the main group of students, child care-based children, accounting for 82.45% of the total number of cases. Male and female incidence ratio of 1.44: 1. Conclusion Child care and primary school children are the major risk groups for scarlet fever. Intensive surveillance of nurseries, schools and children’s playgrounds should be strengthened.