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观众作为影响运动员成绩的一个重要因素,吸引了许多的科学家。1897年,特锐普勒特(Triplett.N)研究发现,有观众在场与没有观众在场相比,一个自行车选手的最好成绩,平均每英里可提高35-40秒。他将这种观众作用叫做“驱力发展因素”。这便是这方面最早的研究。后来,也就是1924年,阿尔波特(Allport,F.H)在《社会心理学》一书中首先使用了“社会促进因素”这一术语,并详尽地论述了观众作为一种社会促进因素在体育比赛中的各种积极的和消极的作用。这期间直至本世纪的60年代,陆续也有类似的研究,但大多都比较琐
The audience, as an important factor influencing athlete’s performance, has attracted many scientists. In 1897, a Triplett.N study found that a bicycle cyclist had the best score of 35-40 seconds per mile on average in the presence of spectators compared to the absence of spectators. He calls this audience a “driver of development.” This is the earliest research in this area. Later, in 1924, Allport (FH) first used the term “social facilitator” in “Social Psychology” and elaborated the audience as a social facilitator in sports The various positive and negative effects of the game. During this period until the 60s of this century, one after another have similar studies, but most of them are more complicated