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土坝坝下涵管(洞)是大、中、小型水库工程中的主要组成部分之一,与土坝、溢洪道一起合称为水库的“三大件”。它可以用来灌溉、引水发电、导流、放空水库,有的还可兼作泄洪、排沙。在中、小型水库工程中绝大多数是用来灌溉的。因为它施工方便,工期短,造价经济,便于大搞群众运动,所以在水库工程建设中得到了广泛的采用。在我省已建成的上万座大大小小的水库工程中,绝大多数设有坝下涵管,有的工程已经安全运用了廿年以上,发挥了巨大的效益。但同时,相当数量的坝下涵管存在着各种各样的质量问题,断裂漏水极为普遍,有
The culverts (holes) under earth dam are one of the major components of large, medium and small reservoirs. Together with earth dam and spillway, they collectively refer to the “three major components” of the reservoir. It can be used for irrigation, diversion and power generation, diversion, emptying reservoirs, and some can also double as flood discharge and sediment discharge. In the medium and small reservoirs, the vast majority of projects are used for irrigation. Because of its convenient construction, short construction period, economical cost and easy mass campaigns, it has been widely adopted in reservoir construction. In the tens of thousands of large and small reservoirs that have been built in our province, the vast majority of them have culverts under the dam, and some projects have been safely used for more than 20 years and have exerted tremendous benefits. However, at the same time, a great number of quality problems exist in the culverts under the dam. The leakage of fractures is extremely common. There are