论文部分内容阅读
现代汉语数词中的基数、倍数、分数以及基数与量词结合的数量短语,通常表示准确的数目与数量。但是它们也可以经常地不表示准确数量,而只是表示概数或各种模糊不定的数目和量值。①这个小伙子,比不要她那个强百倍,不但长得漂亮,而且是个万元户。(《北京文学》90年10期《棒子》) ②男人功成名就的背后总有一个女人。虽是套话九百句中的语言,但古老而常新。(《深圳风采》90年10期《错过了月亮》)“百倍”在例①的意义只相当于“很多”、“万元”在例①中也不是十分准确,只相当一个概数。“九百句”在例②中也不是正好九百句,而只相当于“数百句”之类。因此,数量词语这类用法出现了“表里不一”的意义。在静态的语言中,它们是确数确量。在动态的言语中,它们表面确定,实则只是一个模糊不定的数量。这种现象我们称为数量词语的动态模糊运用。
The modern Chinese numerals in the base, multiples, scores and the number of words combined with the quantifier phrase, usually that the exact number and quantity. However, they can often not represent the exact quantity, but simply represent the number or magnitude of ambiguities and magnitudes. ① This young man, a hundred times stronger than not being her, not only looks beautiful, but also a million households. (“Beijing Literary” 90 years 10 “stick”) ② Men’s success is always behind a woman. Although it is a language in 900 words, it is ancient and often new. (“Shenzhen style” 90 years 10 “missed the moon”) “a hundred times” in Example ① is only equivalent to “a lot of”, “million” in Example ① is not very accurate, only a very approximate number. “Nine hundred sentences” is not exactly nine hundred sentences in case ②, but only the equivalent of “hundreds of sentences” and the like. Therefore, the usage of quantitative terms has the meaning of “different from one form to another.” In static languages, they are truly exact. In dynamic words, they are superficially determined, but in reality they are only a vague number. This phenomenon we call the dynamic use of quantitative terms fuzzy.