“在中华民族的开化史上,有素称发达的农业和手工业,有许多伟大的思想家、科学家、发明家、政治家、军事家、文学家和艺术家,有丰富的文化典籍。”中国陶器和瓷器的产生和发展充分证明了毛主席这一英明论断。早在新石器时代晚期(即仰韶文化晚期),我国已出现制造陶器的重要工具——陶轮。这对陶器的生产具有很大的促进作用。龙山黑陶分布之广和制作之精巧、造型之规正都只能在陶轮被广泛使用之后。到了三千多年前的商代已发现了少量釉陶。从无釉陶到有釉陶,为从陶进化到瓷完成了极为重要的一步。从我们对张家坡西周居住遗址中所发现的青釉陶瓷碎片的研究工作来看,可以认为早在西周时期,或更早的年代我国已能生产出在成分和烧成温度上都已接近后来瓷器的青釉器。经过汉代及三国到了隋唐时期,我国已能进一步制造出胎质坚致,不吸水,色白,半透明和釉面光滑莹洁的硬质瓷,比西方约早千年左右完成了由陶进化到瓷的过程。到了宋明以及清初,中国瓷器几乎遍及世界各地区,誉满海外。制瓷技术也影响到许多国家,为人类文化的进步作出了重大的贡献。价廉物美瓷器的大量制造,很快就取代了铜器、陶器和昂贵的漆器,同时给手工业的发展打开了一条宽广的道路,如同造纸一样是人类文化史上的一个大创造。我国亦 “There are many great thinkers, scientists, inventors, politicians, militarists, writers and artists in the well-known history of the Chinese nation in the well-developed agricultural and handicraft industries.” Chinese pottery and porcelain The birth and development fully proved Chairman Mao’s wise judgment. As early as the Neolithic (late Yangshao culture), China has emerged an important tool for making pottery - pottery wheel. This is a great contribution to the production of pottery. The distribution of Longshan black pottery and production of sophisticated, modeling rules are only available after the pottery wheel is widely used. Shang Dynasty, which arrived more than 3000 years ago, has found a small amount of glaze pottery. From unglazed pottery to glazed pottery, porcelain has evolved from porcelain to complete an extremely important step. From our study on the ceramic fragments of glaze found in the residential sites in the west of Zhangjiapo, it can be considered that as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, or earlier, China has been able to produce porcelain with similar composition and firing temperature Green glaze. After the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms to the Sui and Tang dynasties, our country has been able to further create hard-quality hard, non-absorbent, color white, translucent and glazed smooth and clean hard porcelain, about 1000 years earlier than the West completed the evolution of pottery from porcelain to porcelain the process of. To the Song and Ming and early Qing dynasties, China’s porcelain almost all over the world, famed overseas. Ceramics technology has also affected many countries, made a significant contribution to the progress of human culture. The mass-production of cheap and inexpensive porcelain quickly replaced bronze, pottery and expensive lacquer ware and opened up a broad path to the development of the handicraft industry, just as papermaking was a major creation in the history of human culture. My country too