同位语是句子成分的一种， 它位于名词、代词后面， 说明它们的性质和情况， 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
　　同位语的表现形式有以下几种：
　　（1） 名词
　　Tom， our monitor， is a handsome boy.
　　（2） 代词
　　I myself will do the experiment.
　　（3） 数词
　　She is the oldest among them six.
　　（4） 从句
　　 He told me the news that the plane had exploded. 他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。
　　（5） 由such as， that is引导
　　Some subjects， such as maths and physics， are very difficult to learn. 某些学科，例如数学和物理，是很难学的。
　　（6） 由of引导
　　The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自从2000年以来， 北京市发生了很大的变化。
　　（7） 由or引导
　　The freezing temperature， or freezing point， is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. 结冰温度即冰点，是水在常压下结冰时的温度。
　　关于同位语从句，我们可以从以下方面了解：
　　 一、定义： 主从复合句中用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。（名词性从句之一）用以说明前面名词所表示的具体内容。
　　The news that our team had won the game made us excited.
　　We heard the news that our team had won the game.
　　 二、引导词： 由连词that， whether; 连接代词/副词who， when， where， how， why 等引导。
　　 三、先行词： 常为某些抽象名词，如：news， idea， word， fact， hope， doubt， belief， possibility， problem， question， thought， promise， information， message， decision， answer， reply等。
　　 四、位置： 常紧跟某些名词之后;但有时被其他词隔开，称分隔式同位语从句。
　　1. The text tells us a fact that smoking does great harm to peoples health.
　　2. I have no idea that he has already gone abroad / when he will be back / who broke the window / why she went home.
　　3. I have no doubt / There is no doubt that he will succeed.
　　4. I have some doubt / There is some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
　　5. The belief that all roads lead to Rome is shared by many people.
　　6. The possibility that people would have to walk to the farm was mentioned.
　　7. He cant answer the question how he got the money.
　　8. We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice.
　　9. Tom got a message from Mr Smith that there would be a test soon.
　　10. Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct.15， 2003.
　　11. The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.
　　 五、語气： 在suggestion， advice， order， request 等表示“建议命令;要求”等词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词常用“（should） + 动词原形”虚拟结构。
　　He gave many suggestions that we （should）get up earlier and take more exercise.
　　The government gave the order that all these houses （should）be pulled down in three weeks.
　　 六、that 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 　　
　　
　　 比较：
　　1. We expressed the hope （that / which） they had expressed.（定语从句）
　　We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. （同位语从句）
　　2. The news（that / which）he told me just now is true. （定语从句）
　　The news that I have passed the exam is true.（同位语从句）
　　3. The advice（that / which）he gave was supported by us all.（定语从句）
　　The advice that we（should） set out at once was supported by us all.（同位语从句）
　　 巩固性练习
　　 1. The fact_____________ she works hard is well known to us all.
　　_____________
　　A. that B. what
　　C. why_________D. which
　　2. The fact_____________ he was successful proves his ability.
　　A. that B. what
　　C. which D. why
　　3. The news_____________ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
　　A. what B. that
　　C. why_________D. when
　　4. His suggestion_____________ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
　　A. which B. that
　　C. /_____________D. it
　　5. I have no idea_____________ he will start.
　　A. when B. that
　　C. what D. /
　　6. Ive come from the government with a message the meeting wont be held tomorrow.
　　A. while B. that
　　C. when D. as
　　7. The thought_____________ he might fail in the exam worried him.
　　A. when B. which
　　C. what_________D. that
　　8. The order_____________ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
　　A. which B. whether
　　C. that D. what
　　9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear_____________ he would die of the disease.
　　A. that B. as
　　C. of which D. which
　　10. He often asked me the question_____________ the work was worth doing.
　　A. whether B. where
　　C. that D. when
　　11. Information has been put forward_____________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
　　A. if_________B. that
　　C. whether D. which
　　12. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities;this is the information_____________ has been put forward.
　　A. what B. that
　　C. when D. as
　　13. She heard a terrible noise，_____________ brought her heart into her mouth.
　　A. it_________B. which
　　C. this D. that
　　14. I cant stand the terrible noise_____________ she is crying loudly.
　　A. it B. which
　　C. this_________D. that
　　15. The fact_____________ he failed in the exam is not the one_____________ he told me.
　　A. which; that B. that; /
　　C. which; which D. /; that
　　 參考答案
　　1—5 AABBA 6—10 BDCAA 11—15 BBBDB
　　 （作者：姜加琴，江苏省海安市实验中学）