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目的:了解江西省、上海市、青海省3地儿童家长预防接种知识水平及相关的行为，探究影响预防接种知识水平和相关行为的因素。方法:采用分层抽样的方法，在江西省、上海市、青海省各选择2个县（区）作为调查现场；采用连续抽样，在接种门诊对接种儿童家长使用结构化的调查问卷进行调查；使用结构方程模型探究家长知识水平、接种行为间的关系及影响因素。结果:此次调查总计收到有效问卷760份。3地家长预防接种知识掌握情况较好，青海省及上海市家长的接种知识水平略高于江西省家长。家长主要通过医务人员、阅读接种手册获取相关的知识。结构方程模型拟合效果较好（近似误差均方根=0.033）；家长的文化程度越高，对应的接种知识水平也越高（n β?=0.082）；家长的预防接种知识水平会影响接种儿童是否留观半小时（n β?=0.541）以及面对媒体关于孩子注射疫苗后产生不良反应的报道时是否会放弃给孩子接种疫苗（n β?=0.515）。n 结论:江西省、上海市、青海省接种儿童家长预防接种知识水平较高。应当重点关注中、低文化程度家长的预防接种知识宣教。可通过医务人员、接种手册或移动应用程序普及相关知识。“,”Objective:To understand the knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) on vaccination among children's parents in Jiangxi, Shanghai, and Qinghai and explore the factors influencing KAP.Methods:The study selected two counties/districts in Jiangxi, Shanghai, and Qinghai, respectively, by stratified sampling and used a unified questionnaire to investigate the parental KAP of vaccination. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to explore factors influencing parental KAP, as well as the relationship between knowledge and behavior.Results:Of the 760 valid questionnaires, the knowledge of vaccination among children's parents was better, and the vaccination knowledge of parents in Qinghai and Shanghai were slightly better than those in Jiangxi. Parents mainly obtained vaccination knowledge through medical staff and vaccination manuals. The fitting degree of SEM was relatively good; the root mean square error of approximation of the model is 0.033. The higher the parents' education level, the better their knowledge of vaccination (n β?=0.082). Parental vaccination knowledge could influence whether the vaccinated children stay for half an hour in the clinics (n β?=0.541). It could also impact whether parents giving up vaccinating their children in the face of media reports about the adverse effects of vaccinations (n β?=0.515).n Conclusions:The knowledge of vaccination among the parents in Jiangxi, Shanghai, and Qinghai was quite good. Moreover, we should pay more attention to the mass media programs and vaccination knowledge among parents with low or middle education backgrounds. Vaccination knowledge can be disseminated through medical staff, vaccination manuals, or mobile applications.