The two-dimensional quantum dots (2D-QDs) have been developed significantly in the past decades.The 2D-QDs could be used in bioimaging,biosensing,drug/gene delivery,and photodynamic/photothermal therapy.The potential applications in biology receive increasing attention,which makes them the novel and emerging candidates in biomaterial research fields.In this context,we discuss a variety of 2D-QDs with different physical and chemical properties.We focuse on the latest synthesis progress and recent applications in biotechnological,and biomedical applications of the 2D-QDs and we also evaluate the challenges and prospects in this field.