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质子交换膜燃料电池作为重要的电化学能源转换装置,在提高能量转换效率、减少环境污染等方面具有诱人的前景.然而,阴极氧还原过电位较大、活性较低、稳定性差,且铂基催化剂昂贵,使该燃料电池难以商业化.纳米结构电催化剂的发展有望解决此难题.对纳米合金电催化剂其组分和结构的设计是开发高活性、高稳定性和低成本的燃料电池电催化剂的重要因素.本文综述了近期由分子设计和热化学控制处理法制备的三元纳米合金电催化剂对燃料电池氧还原反应催化性能的最新进展.该方法可控制纳米合金的尺寸、组成以及二元和三元纳米催化剂的合金化程度.以高活性的三元纳米合金催化剂PtNiCo/C为例,综述了在设计燃料电池电催化剂时结构和组成的纳米级调优的重要性.PtNiCo/C电催化剂的质量比活性远高于其二元合金催化剂和Pt/C商业电催化剂.三元电催化剂的催化活性可通过控制其组成来调节.本文还讨论了三元纳米合金催化剂的结构及其协同效应对增强其电催化性能的影响.
As an important electrochemical energy conversion device, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has an attractive prospect in improving energy conversion efficiency, reducing environmental pollution, etc. However, the cathodic oxygen reduction overpotential is larger, the activity is lower, the stability is poor, and the platinum Based catalyst is expensive, so that the fuel cell is difficult to commercialize.The development of nanostructured electrocatalysts is expected to solve this problem.The composition and structure of the nano-alloy electrocatalyst is designed to develop fuel cell with high activity, high stability and low cost Catalyst.It is reviewed that recent progress in the catalytic performance of the ternary nanocomposite electrocatalysts prepared by the molecular design and the thermochemical control process on the oxygen reduction reaction of the fuel cell is summarized.The method can control the size and composition of the nanocrystalline alloy, Yuan and ternary nanocatalysts.Taking the highly active PtNiCo / C ternary nanometer alloy catalyst as an example, the importance of nanoscale tuning in the structure and composition of fuel cell electrocatalysts was reviewed.PtNiCo / C The mass specific activity of the electrocatalyst is much higher than that of the binary alloy catalyst and the Pt / C commercial electrocatalyst. The ternary electrocatalyst Catalytic activity can be adjusted by controlling its composition. This article also discusses the effect of nano-structure and synergistic effect of three yuan alloy catalyst for enhancing its electrocatalytic properties.