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[目的]为水稻的磷高效栽培调控提供科学依据。[方法]以长白9号(CB9)和吉粳81(JJ81)2个粳稻品种为试材进行盆栽试验,各品种分别设5个磷肥水平(P0～P4),在灌浆期测定剑叶净光合速率、叶色值(SPAD)、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔限制值等光合特性指标。[结果]CB9净光合速率在P3处达到最大,并与其余各组间差异显著(P<0.05);JJ81各处理组净光合速率均高于对照,并在P4处达到最大。CB9和JJ81的SPAD值均在P3处达到最大;随着施磷量的增加,2个品种的气孔导度和蒸腾速率均表现出先增加后降低的趋势。随着施磷量的增加,CB9的胞间CO2浓度先降低后增加,而JJ81的胞间CO2浓度先增加后降低。2个品种的气孔限制值变化趋势均与胞间CO2浓度变化趋势相反。[结论]适当增施磷肥均能提高水稻剑叶光合特性,但2个品种间存在基因型差异。
[Objective] The research aimed to provide a scientific basis for the regulation of phosphorus efficient cultivation in rice. [Method] Pot experiments were conducted with two japonica rice varieties Changbai 9 (CB9) and Jijing 81 (JJ81) as test materials. Five phosphorus levels (P0 ~ P4) were set for each variety, and the net photosynthetic rate (SPAD), stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal limitation and other photosynthetic characteristics. [Result] The net photosynthetic rate of CB9 reached the maximum at P3 and was significantly different from that of other groups (P <0.05). The net photosynthetic rate of all treatments of JJ81 was higher than that of control and reached the maximum at P4. The SPAD values of CB9 and JJ81 all reached the maximum at P3. With the increase of phosphorus application, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of two cultivars showed the first increase and then the decrease. With the increase of phosphorus application, the intercellular CO2 concentration of CB9 firstly decreased and then increased, while the intercellular CO2 concentration of JJ81 first increased and then decreased. The trend of stomatal limitation in two cultivars was opposite to that of intercellular CO2 concentration. [Conclusion] Appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer could improve the photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf of rice, but there were genotype differences between the two varieties.