论文部分内容阅读
喀斯特的研究,具有非常重要的实际意义。例如在水工、铁路、供水、建筑等方面均要接触到喀斯特或地下水的问题。另外,有一些矿产的埋藏也往往与石灰岩有关。如铝土矿、铁、镍等的分布均与喀斯特有关;其次,石油的产地就往住在喀斯特化的岩石里发现。现在全世界的石油矿有30％是埋藏在喀斯特化的炭酸盐类岩石里;含石油最丰富的近东,也是埋藏在喀斯特化的炭酸盐岩石里的。从实际需要出发来研究喀斯特时,其主要任务是了解喀斯特的发育及其分布情况。这个任务是很复杂的,因为各个喀斯特地区的具体特点是不同的,这些特点与各个地区的地质结构及地质历史有密切的关系。当某些喀斯特化的岩石不只一次的受到喀斯特作用时,则研究喀斯特的工作变得更复杂了。喀斯特是一种地质作用,它不可避免地受下面四个条件所控制:
Karst research has very important practical significance. For example, in the hydraulic, railway, water supply, construction and other aspects have access to karst or groundwater problems. In addition, some of the mineral burial is often associated with limestone. For example, the distribution of bauxite, iron, nickel and so on are related to karst. Secondly, the origin of oil is found in the karst rocks. Now 30% of the world’s oil mines are buried in karstified carbonate rocks; the most oil-rich Near East is also buried in karstified carbonate rocks. From the actual needs of karst research, its main task is to understand the development and distribution of karst. This task is complicated because the specific characteristics of each karst area are different and are closely related to the geologic structure and geological history of each area. When some karstified rocks are subjected to karst more than once, the work of studying karst becomes more complicated. Karst is a geological activity that is inevitably governed by four conditions: