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背景:中学生在生长发育过程中可同时具有营养不良和营养过剩两类问题。目的:了解中学生的营养不良和肥胖情况及其相关的影响因素。设计:横断面调查。单位:重庆市卫生局卫生监督所、重庆医科大学营养与食品卫生学教研室及重庆市第八中学。对象:于2004-03/05采取整群抽样法抽取重庆市沙坪坝区某中学15个班级的全日制学生896人,排除患遗传性代谢性疾病、有外伤或其他疾病引起的继发性、病理性营养不良或肥胖者,均知情同意。其中826人填写的问卷内容详实(有效率达92.19%),男生414人,女生412人,年龄13～18岁。方法:对入选学生进行问卷调查,内容包括基本身体情况、疾病状况、父母情况、饮食行为、营养知识、饮食习惯等方面。学生现场自行填写、现场回收。学生营养状况评价采用近期体格检查表中身高、体质量值,以“中国学生7～22岁身高体质量值”作为参考标准。体质量标准是利用同等身高人群体质量的第80百分位数为标准制定,以此体质量标准为100%,低于此标准90%为营养不良,高于此标准120%为肥胖。并对调查数据进行非条件logistic逐步回归分析,探讨中学生营养不良和肥胖的影响因素。主要观察指标:①中学生营养不良和肥胖的患病率。②中学生营养不良和肥胖的影响因素。结果:826人进入结果分析。①营养不良和肥胖的患病率:分别为9.44%和24.21%。营养不良的患病率女生高于男生犤4.84%,14.08%(χ2=15.1036,P<0.05)犦;肥胖的患病率男生高于女生犤30.09%,18.2%(χ2=10.5737,P<0.05)犦。②营养不良和肥胖的影响因素:营养不良的发生与性别、是否偏食挑食、睡眠时间、早餐情况及是否吃动物内脏5个因素显著相关(P<0.05～0.01)。肥胖的发生与性别、父亲的体质量指数、进食速度、是否吃宵夜、是否偏食挑食等5个因素显著相关(P<0.05～0.01)。结论:调查发现中学生群体营养不良和肥胖的患病率较高,且均与性别因素和是否偏食挑食密切相关。纠正中学生的营养不良和肥胖,要给予正确的营养知识,帮助他们合理安排饮食,建立良好的生活模式。
Background: Middle school students may have both malnutrition and overnutrition in their growth and development. Objective: To understand the malnutrition and obesity of middle school students and their related factors. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Unit: Chongqing Health Bureau Health Authority, Chongqing Medical University Nutrition and Food Hygiene Department and the eighth high school in Chongqing. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 896 full-time students in 15 classes of a middle school in Shapingba District of Chongqing City were enrolled in the cluster sampling method from March to March 2004 to exclude the inherited metabolic diseases, secondary causes of trauma or other diseases, pathology Sexually malnourished or obese, are informed consent. Among them, 826 filled out the questionnaire details (effective rate of 92.19%), 414 boys and 412 girls, aged 13 to 18 years. Methods: The selected students were surveyed, including basic physical condition, disease status, parents’ condition, diet behavior, nutritional knowledge, dietary habits and so on. Students fill in the scene, on-site recovery. Nutritional status of students using the recent physical examination table height, body mass values to “Chinese students 7 to 22 years old body mass value” as a reference standard. The body mass standard is formulated using the 80th percentile of the same adult population as the standard, with a body mass standard of 100%, below which 90% is malnourished and 120% above this standard. And the survey data were non-conditional logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of malnutrition and obesity in middle school students. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Prevalence of malnutrition and obesity among middle school students. ② middle school students malnutrition and obesity factors. Results: 826 people entered the result analysis. The prevalence of malnutrition and obesity were 9.44% and 24.21% respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition was higher in girls than in boys (4.84%, 14.08%) (χ2 = 15.1036, P <0.05); the prevalence of obesity in boys was higher than that in girls by 30.09% and 18.2% (χ2 = 10.5737, P <0.05) ) 犦. (2) The influencing factors of malnutrition and obesity The incidence of malnutrition was significantly correlated with gender, partial eclipse picky eaten, sleep time, breakfast situation and whether to eat animal offal (P <0.05 ~ 0.01). The incidence of obesity was significantly correlated with gender, father’s body mass index, eating speed, whether to eat midnight snack, whether partial eclipse picky eaters and so on (P <0.05 ~ 0.01). CONCLUSION: The survey found that the prevalence of malnutrition and obesity in the middle school student population is high, and both are closely related to the sex factor and whether partial eclipse picky eaters. To correct secondary malnutrition and obesity, to give the correct nutritional knowledge, to help them arrange a reasonable diet, establish a good life style.