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为明确不同油用向日葵品种在河套灌区盐碱地的栽培适应性,收集国内外21个向日葵品种作为材料在灌区盐碱地进行栽培试验,采用主成分分析、聚类分析和逐步回归分析方法对主要农艺性状进行分析。结果表明:主成分分析中,生育天数、株高、茎粗、盘径4个因子的主成分特征值累计贡献率达91.23%,主成分归类当中第一类为单株个体因子,第二类为产量构成因子,第三类为单盘因子,第四类为生育期因子。聚类分析中,阀值为1 280时,21个品种聚为三类,第一类含7个品种,总体表现为中晚熟、籽实黑色、茎秆粗壮、籽仁率70%以上、百粒重6g左右、盘径大;第二类含11个品种,表现为早熟、矮秆、百粒重7g左右、叶片向上、茎粗、耐密植、籽仁率70%以上、籽粒黑色;第三类含3个品种,表现为早熟、矮秆、结实率高。逐步回归分析中茎粗、盘径、单盘粒数、单盘粒重、百粒重、籽仁率与产量有显著线性效应。
In order to clarify the adaptability of sunflower cultivars with different oil in saline-alkali soil cultivation in Hetao irrigation area, 21 domestic and overseas sunflower varieties were collected and cultivated in saline-alkali soil of irrigated area. The main agronomic traits were analyzed by principal component analysis, cluster analysis and stepwise regression analysis analysis. The results showed that in the principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of the principal component eigenvalues of fertility days, plant height, stem diameter and plate diameter was 91.23%, the first component among the main components was single individual factor, the second Classes are yield component factors, the third category is single-tray factor, and the fourth category is growth period factor. In the cluster analysis, 21 cultivars clustered into three types with a threshold value of 1,280, the first type contained 7 cultivars, the overall performance was middle-late maturity, the seeds were black, the stalks were stout, the seed rate was over 70% About 6g in weight and large in diameter; the second type contains 11 varieties, which are premature, dwarf, and have a weight of about 7g. The leaves are upwards, stems are thick, Classes with 3 varieties, manifested as precocious, dwarf, high seed setting rate. Stepwise regression analysis showed that there was a significant linear effect of stem diameter, disk diameter, single disk number, single disk weight, hundred kernel weight, seed kernel rate and yield.