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人力资本代际投资呈现明显的国别差异和地区特色。对北美、欧洲、东亚三个地区典型国家的研究表明,北美地区呈现核心家庭的特色,家庭人力资本投资对代际相关性有较强的解释力,其阶层固化正有意识的通过公共政策调整;北欧的高福利政策使其家庭重情感付出,投资形式以时间投入为主,公共政策对代际相关性的削弱作用很强,家庭人力资本投资对代际相关性解释力较弱,西欧家庭则与北美相似;东亚地区呈现阶层固化形态,私人教育投资较多,韩国家庭是血缘传承的代际交换,偏重教育投资;日本家庭则呈现利益至上的代际转移特点,有“养子”式的代际替代关系。日韩学生的阅读、数学、科学成绩名列前茅,但15岁以上人群的生活满意度远不如欧洲和北美国家。
Inter-generation investment in human capital shows obvious country differences and regional characteristics. Studies on typical countries in North America, Europe and East Asia show that North American countries have the characteristics of a nuclear family. Household human capital investment has strong explanatory power for intergenerational correlation and its classifications are being consciously adjusted through public policies. Nordic high-welfare policies make their families pay more for their emotions, investment forms are dominated by time, public policies have a strong effect on intergenerational interdependence, household human capital investment has weak intergenerational relevance, and Western European families Similar to North America; East Asia is characterized by stratum solidification and more investment in private education. Korean families are intergenerational exchanges of blood inheritance, with emphasis on investment in education. Japanese families show the characteristics of intergenerational transfer with the supremacy of interests as “adoptive child” Intergenerational substitution. Japanese and Korean students are among the best in reading, math and science, but life satisfaction is far weaker for people over 15 years old than in Europe and North America.