新生儿高胆红素血症是新生儿时期的常见多发病,可引起机体多脏器损害,尤其是神经毒性导致的脑损害。然而,近年来新生儿高胆红素血症出现增长趋势,多种因素(胎龄、出生体重、感染、遗传、母孕因素、喂养方式、分娩方式等)影响高胆红素血症的程度。所以,防止高胆红素血症的发生是预防胆红素脑病的关键,应全面重视和发展高效的干预及防治措施以降低重度高胆红素血症和消除胆红素脑病。 Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common disease in neonatal period, can cause multiple organ damage, especially neurotoxicity-induced brain damage. However, in recent years, neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia tends to increase. The effects of various factors (gestational age, birth weight, infection, inheritance, pregnancy, feeding methods, mode of delivery, etc.) on hyperbilirubinemia . Therefore, to prevent the occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia is the key to prevent bilirubin encephalopathy should pay full attention to and develop efficient intervention and prevention and treatment measures to reduce severe hyperbilirubinemia and eliminate bilirubin encephalopathy.