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目的分析2012―2015年贵州省伤寒副伤寒流行特征,掌握疫情动态,为制定防控对策提供参考。方法通过国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统收集2012―2015年贵州省伤寒副伤寒疫情资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2012―2015年贵州省共报告伤寒副伤寒2 933例,其中伤寒2 124例(占72.41%)、副伤寒809例(占27.59%),年均发病率为2.11/10万,死亡2例。年均发病率居前4位的市(州)分别是黔西南州(4.53/10万)、遵义市(2.75/10万)、贵阳市(2.72/10万)和六盘水市(2.19/10万),均高于全省平均水平。发病高峰为5―9月,共报告病例1 621例,占总病例数的55.27%。男性1 522例,女性1 411例,男女性别比为1.08∶1。病例年龄主要集中在0~49岁年龄组,占总病例数的81.42%。职业分布以农民(1 156例)、学生(604例)、散居儿童(321例)为主,分别占总病例数的39.41%、20.59%和10.94%。病原学监测结果显示,病例血培养阳性率为1.61%(51/3 170);分离菌株以伤寒沙门菌为主,共30株(占58.82%),其次为甲型副伤寒沙门菌20株(占39.22%)。结论 2012―2015年贵州省伤寒副伤寒发病率呈下降趋势,但部分地区发病率仍然较高,应针对重点地区、重点人群及时采取有针对性的防控措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Guizhou from 2012 to 2015 and to grasp the epidemic situation so as to provide reference for making prevention and control measures. Methods The data of epidemicity of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2015 were collected through the National Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System. Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation. Results A total of 2 933 cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever were reported in Guizhou Province from 2012 to 2015, of which 2 124 (72.41%) were typhoid and 809 (27.59%) were paratyphoid fever, with an annual average incidence of 2.11 per 100 000 and 2 deaths . The top four cities in terms of average annual incidence were Qianxinan (4.53 / 100,000), Zunyi (2.75 / 100,000), Guiyang (2.72 / 100,000) and Liupanshui (2.19 / 100,000 ), Higher than the provincial average. The peak incidence was from May to September, a total of 1 621 cases were reported, accounting for 55.27% of the total number of cases. There were 1 522 males and 1 411 females, with a sex ratio of 1.08: 1. Case age mainly concentrated in the age group of 0 to 49 years, accounting for 81.42% of the total number of cases. The occupational distribution is dominated by peasants (1 156 cases), students (604 cases) and diaspora (321 cases), accounting for 39.41%, 20.59% and 10.94% of the total cases respectively. The results of etiological monitoring showed that the positive rate of blood culture was 1.61% (51/3 170). Salmonella typhi was the main isolate in the isolates, accounting for a total of 30 strains (58.82%), followed by Salmonella paratyphi 20 Accounting for 39.22%). Conclusion The incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Guizhou Province has been decreasing from 2012 to 2015, but the incidence in some areas is still high. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken in time for key areas and key populations.