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基于区域经济发展水平、资源禀赋等地理要素对水资源利用效率的耦合影响,以2003-2013年中国大陆省区为例,应用多种空间权重方案对省际水资源消耗强度的时空格局进行比较分析,针对评价结果的不确定性,提出了基于GDP-距离倒数的改进空间权重方案,并进行实证研究。结果表明:(1)应用对称性空间赋权方法,得出的省际水资源强度的空间自相关特征检验结果具有局限性,依据基于邻接或距离原则构建的空间权重,评价结果不够稳健;(2)应用GDP-距离倒数的组合空间权重方案,能够充分体现经济—地理要素对水资源利用效率的非对称性影响,所得局部空间自相关评价结果的可靠性提高;(3)在研究时段内,中国大陆省际居民生活用水强度的时空异质性最小,生态环境用水强度异质性最大,工业和农业用水强度的时空异质性相对较小并且具有显著的全局空间自相关特征;(4)省际工业用水强度具有南北分异特征,局部低—低集聚区位于黄河以北并且相对稳定,高—高集聚区位于长江以南并趋于弱化;(5)省际农业用水强度的局部高—高集聚、高—低集聚区位于中国大陆西部,且研究时段内表现相对稳定。基于GDP-距离倒数的组合空间权重方案,能够同时体现省际经济水平及空间距离的临近度,因此可在一定程度上提高相关研究中评价结果的可靠性。
Based on the coupling effect of geographical factors such as regional economic development level and resource endowment on water resources utilization efficiency, taking the Chinese provinces and autonomous regions in China from 2003 to 2013 as an example, the spatio-temporal patterns of water consumption intensity in different provinces were compared using various spatial weights According to the uncertainty of the evaluation results, this paper proposes an improved spatial weighting scheme based on the reciprocal of GDP-distance, and conducts empirical research. The results show that: (1) The test results of spatial autocorrelation feature of inter-provincial water resources obtained by applying the method of symmetric spatial weighting have limitations. Based on the spatial weight based on the principle of adjacency or distance, the evaluation results are not robust enough; ( 2) The combined spatial weighting scheme using GDP-distance reciprocal can fully reflect the asymmetric effect of economic-geographical factors on water resource utilization efficiency, and the reliability of the resulting local spatial autocorrelation evaluation results is improved; (3) During the research period , The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of domestic water use intensity of residents in mainland China is the smallest, and the heterogeneity of water use intensity of ecological environment is the largest. The temporal and spatial heterogeneity of industrial and agricultural water use intensity is relatively small and has significant global spatial autocorrelation characteristics. (4) ) The intensity of inter-provincial industrial water use has the characteristics of north-south differentiation. The local low-low concentration area is located to the north of the Yellow River and relatively stable. The high-high concentration area is located south of the Yangtze River and tends to weaken. (5) High-high agglomeration and high-low agglomeration areas are located in the western part of mainland China, with relatively stable performance during the study period. The combined spatial weighting scheme based on GDP-distance reciprocal can reflect the inter-provincial economic level and the proximity of spatial distance at the same time, so it can improve the reliability of evaluation results in related research to a certain extent.