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为了缓解冀中南地下水超采,充分利用灌溉水、自然降水和土壤水,提高水的有效利用率,解决冬小麦高产与节水之间的矛盾,于2011—2016年在河北省中南部的石家庄、邢台、邯郸、保定等地开展了一系列节水栽培技术试验,明确了常规灌溉管理模式下冬小麦收获后可利用水分达934.05~1479.15 m3/hm2;常规灌溉管理模式下冬小麦全生育期间150 cm以下土层含水量均在16%左右,深层储水还能够供应小麦生长需要;“一水千斤”栽培模式下全生育期冬小麦平均总耗水量4404.0 m3/hm2,与常规灌溉管理模式下高产麦田总耗水量接近,土壤水消耗量平均提高了507.5 m3/hm2。探索了一套以一水两用、晚播增量、播后镇压、等行全密、春灌一水为主要技术措施的冬小麦“一水千斤”栽培模式,连续两年度进行示范,2014—2015年产量达到8074.5 kg/hm2,2015—2016年产量达到8130 kg/hm2。
In order to alleviate over-exploitation of groundwater in Jizhong South, make full use of irrigation water, natural precipitation and soil water to improve the effective utilization of water to resolve the contradiction between winter wheat yield and water conservation in 2011-2016 in Shijiazhuang, central and southern Hebei Province, Xingtai, Handan, Baoding and other places to carry out a series of experiments on water-saving cultivation techniques, clear conventional irrigation management mode available winter wheat moisture available up to 934.05 ~ 1479.15 m3 / hm2; conventional irrigation management mode 150 cm below the full growth of winter wheat Soil water content is about 16%, deep water storage also can supply the needs of wheat growth; “water a kilogram ” cultivation mode of the whole growth period of winter wheat average total water consumption 4404.0 m3 / hm2, and conventional irrigation management mode high yield The total water consumption of wheat field is close to that of soil water consumption increased by 507.5 m3 / hm2. Explored a set of winter wheat “one kilogram of water ” cultivation model with the main technical measures of one water use, late sowing increase, post-broadcast suppression, -In 2015, the output will reach 8074.5 kg / hm 2, and the output will reach 8130 kg / hm 2 in 2015-2016.